What is the technique of titration?

Titration procedure:

A typical titration begins with a beaker or Erlenmeyer flask containing a very precise volume of the analyte and a small amount of indicator (such as phenolphthalein, Methyl orange, Methyl red etc) placed underneath a calibrated burette or chemistry pipetting syringe containing the titrant. Small volumes of the titrant are then added to the analyte drop by drop until the indicator changes its color in reaction to the titrant saturation threshold, reflecting arrival at the endpoint of the titration. Depending on the endpoint desired, single drops or less than a single drop of the titrant can make the difference between a permanent and temporary change in the indicator. When the endpoint of the reaction is reached, the volume of reactant consumed is measured and used to calculate the concentration of analyte by

Where,

C_a is the concentration of the analyte, typically in molarity; 

C_t is the concentration of the titrant, typically in molarity; 

V_t is the volume of the titrant used, typically in liters; 

M is the mole ratio of the analyte and reactant from the balanced chemical equation; and 

V_a is the volume of the analyte used, typically in liters.