Cement grinding:
In order to realize the specified setting qualities in the finished product, a quantity (2–8%, however typically 5%) of salt (usually mineral or anhydrite) is added to the clinker and also the mixture is finely ground to make the finished cement powder. this can be achieved in a very cement mill. The grinding process is controlled to get a powder with a broad particle size range, within which typically V-J Day by mass consists of particles below five μm diameter, and five-hitter of particles higher than forty five μm. The live of fineness usually used is the "specific surface area", which is the total particle surface area of a unit mass of cement. the speed of initial reaction (up to 24 hours) of the cement on addition of water is directly proportional to the specific surface area. Typical values ar 320–380 m2•kg−1 for general purpose cements, and 450–650 m2•kg−1 for "rapid hardening" cements. The cement is conveyed by belt or powder pump to a silo for storage. Cement plants commonly have decent silo house for 1–20 weeks production, relying upon local demand cycles. The cement is delivered to end-users either in bags or as bulk powder blown from a pressure vehicle into the customer's silo. In industrial countries, eightieth or additional of cement is delivered in bulk.
Typical constituents of Portland clinker plus mineral
Cement chemists notation beneath CCN.
Clinker CCN Mass the concerns
Tricalcium silicate (CaO)3 • SiO2 C3S 45–75%
Dicalcium silicate (CaO)2 • SiO2 C2S 7–32%
Tricalcium aluminate (CaO)3 • Al2O3 C3A 0–13%
Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (CaO)4 • Al2O3 • Fe2O3 C4AF 0–18%
Gypsum CaSO4 • a pair of binary compound 2–10%
Typical constituents of hydraulic cement
Cement chemists notation beneath CCN.
Cement CCN Mass the concerns
Calcium oxide, CaO C 61–67%
Silicon dioxide, SiO2 S 19–23%
Aluminum oxide, Al2O3 A 2.5–6%
Ferric oxide, Fe2O3 F 0–6%
Sulfate
1.5–4.5%
Cement chemists notation beneath CCN.
Cement CCN Mass the concerns
Calcium oxide, CaO C 61–67%
Silicon dioxide, SiO2 S 19–23%
Aluminum oxide, Al2O3 A 2.5–6%
Ferric oxide, Fe2O3 F 0–6%
Sulfate
1.5–4.5%
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